SEAToday.com, Jakarta - Alergi obat merupakan suatu reaksi dimana sistem kekebalan imun mengira bahwa obat yang dikonsumsi sebagai zat berbahaya bagi tubuh.
Jadi, yang seharusnya obat dapat membantu membasmi penyakit, tubuh menanggapi obat sebagai ancaman hingga membuat antibodi yang menyerang obat tersebut.
Melansir Halodoc, ciri-ciri jika seseorang mengalami alergi obat biasanya muncul beberapa jam hingga beberapa minggu setelah mengonsumsinya. Ciri pada setiap orang juga berbeda sesuai dengan tingkat keparahan alergi.
Untuk reaksi alergi obat ringan biasanya sebagai berikut:
- Muncul ruam kemerahan atau bentol pada kulit disertai rasa gatal
- Bagian tubuh membengkak
- Mata gatal dan berair
- Demam, batuk, hidung beringus
- Saat bernapas merasakan sesak dan berbunyi
Sedangkan untuk alergi obat yang lebih serius dapat juga mengancam nyawa, ciri-cirinya sebagai berikut:
- Merasakan nyeri pada kulit dan warnanya menjadi kemerahan
- Dapat memicu mengelupasnya kulit bagian luar
- Demam dan kulit terlihat melepuh
- Ruam atau lenting menyebar di area mata, mulut, dan kelamin
Beberapa obat yang dapat memicu alergi biasanya jenis antibiotik (Penisilin), anti-radang (antiinflamasi), Aspirin, anti-kejang, obat-obatan penyakit autoimun, obat herbal, insulin, vaksin, obat kemoterapi, obat infeksi HIV dan AIDS, dan beberapa obat lainnya.
Untuk seseorang yang memiliki gejala alergi obat dapat dipastikan dengan pemeriksaan fisik dan laboratorium meliputi tes kulit dan tes darah. Penting untuk dilakukan untuk mencegah konsumsi obat-obatan yang memicu alergi serta untuk mencari obat alternatif yang aman dikonsumsi.
Penulis: Annisa Salsabilla
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